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1 Study Hall
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2 Nasmyth, James Hall
SUBJECT AREA: Mechanical, pneumatic and hydraulic engineering[br]b. 19 August 1808 Edinburgh, Scotlandd. 7 May 1890 London, England[br]Scottish mechanical engineer and inventor of the steam-hammer.[br]James Nasmyth was the youngest son of Alexander Nasmyth (1758–1840), the portrait and landscape painter. According to his autobiography he was named James Hall after his father's friend, the geologist Sir James Hall (1761–1832), but he seems never to have used his second name in official documents. He received an elementary education at Edinburgh High School, but left at the age of 12. He attended evening classes at the Edinburgh School of Arts for the instruction of Mechanics between 1821 and 1825, and gained experience as a mechanic at an early age in his father's workshop. He shared these early experiences with his brother George, who was only a year or so older, and in the 1820s the brothers built several model steam engines and a steam-carriage capable of carrying eight passengers on the public roads. In 1829 Nasmyth obtained a position in London as personal assistant to Henry Maudslay, and after Maudslay's death in February 1831 he remained with Maudslay's partner, Joshua Field, for a short time. He then returned to Edinburgh, where he and his brother George started in a small way as general engineers. In 1834 they moved to a small workshop in Manchester, and in 1836, with the aid of financial backing from some Manchester businessmen, they established on a site at Patricroft, a few miles from the city, the works which became known as the Bridgewater Foundry. They were soon joined by a third partner, Holbrook Gaskell (1813–1909), who looked after the administration of the business, the firm then being known as Nasmyths Gaskell \& Co. They specialized in making machine tools, and Nasmyth invented many improvements so that they soon became one of the leading manufacturers in this field. They also made steam locomotives for the rapidly developing railways. James Nasmyth's best-known invention was the steam-hammer, which dates from 1839 but was not patented until 1842. The self-acting control gear was probably the work of Robert Wilson and ensured the commercial success of the invention. George Nasmyth resigned from the partnership in 1843 and in 1850 Gaskell also resigned, after which the firm continued as James Nasmyth \& Co. James Nasmyth himself retired at the end of 1856 and went to live at Penshurst, Kent, in a house which he named "Hammerfield" where he devoted his time mainly to his hobby of astronomy. Robert Wilson returned to become Managing Partner of the firm, which later became Nasmyth, Wilson \& Co. and retained that style until its closure in 1940. Nasmyth's claim to be the sole inventor of the steam-hammer has been disputed, but his patent of 1842 was not challenged and the fourteen-year monopoly ensured the prosperity of the business so that he was able to retire at the age of 48. At his death in 1890 he left an estate valued at £243,805.[br]Bibliography1874, with J.Carpenter, The Moon Considered as a Planet, a World, and a Satellite, London.1883, Autobiography, ed. Samuel Smiles, London.Further ReadingR.Wailes, 1963, "James Nasmyth—Artist's Son", Engineering Heritage, vol. I, London, 106–11 (a short account).J.A.Cantrell, 1984, James Nasmyth and the Bridgewater Foundry: A Study of Entrepreneurship in the Early Engineering Industry, Manchester (a full-length critical study).——1984–5, "James Nasmyth and the steam hammer", Transactions of the Newcomen Society 56:133–8.RTS -
3 занималня
study-hall -
4 sala de estudios
• study hall -
5 salón de estudios
• study hall -
6 занималня
study-hall/-room* * *занима̀лня,ж., -и уч. study/hall/-room.* * *study-hall* * *study-hall/-room -
7 permanence
permanence [pεʀmanɑ̃s]feminine nouna. ( = durée) permanenceb. ( = service) être de permanence to be on duty* * *pɛʀmanɑ̃s
1.
1) ( absence d'interruption) permanence; ( répétition) persistence2) ( service)‘permanence de 8 à 9 heures’ — ‘open from 8 am till 9 am’
assurer or tenir une permanence — [personne] to be on duty; [député, avocat] to hold a surgery GB, to have office hours US
3) ( local) permanently manned office
2.
en permanence locution adverbiale1) ( sans interruption) permanently2) ( très fréquemment) constantly* * *pɛʀmanɑ̃s nf1) (= continuité) permanenceen permanence (= toujours) — permanently, (= continuellement) continually
Elle se plaint en permanence. — She's always complaining.
2) (= local) office, duty office3) (= service) basic serviceassurer une permanence [service public, bureaux] — to operate a basic service, to maintain a basic service
Ma banque assure une permanence le samedi matin. — My bank operates a basic service on Saturday mornings.
être de permanence — to be on call, to be on duty
Sophie ne peut pas venir, elle est de permanence ce soir. — Sophie can't come, she's on duty tonight.
4) ÉDUCATION study room* * *A nf1 ( absence d'interruption) permanence; ( répétition) persistence;2 ( service) ‘permanence de 8 à 9 heures’ open from 8 am till 9 am; permanence téléphonique manned line; être de permanence to be on duty; assurer or tenir une permanence [personne] to be on duty; [député, avocat] to hold a surgery GB, to have office hours US;B en permanence loc adv1 ( sans interruption) permanently; siéger en permanence to be in permanent session; ouvert en permanence open around the clock;2 ( très fréquemment) constantly; donner des informations en permanence [chaîne, radio] to give continuous ou round-the-clock news coverage.[pɛrmanɑ̃s] nom féminin2. [service de garde] duty (period)être de permanence to be on duty ou call3. [local, bureau, POLITIQUE] committee room————————en permanence locution adverbiale -
8 salle
salle [sal]1. feminine nounb. ( = auditorium) auditorium ; ( = cinéma) cinema (Brit), movie theater (US) ; ( = public) audience• faire salle comble [comédien, spectacle] to play to a full house• le film sort en salle or dans les salles mercredi prochain the film will be on general release next Wednesday2. compounds► salle de spectacle ( = cinéma) cinema (Brit), movie theater (US) ; ( = théâtre) theatre (Brit), theater (US)* * *sal1) ( pièce) gén room; (de château, palais) hall; ( de restaurant) (dining) room; (de cinéma, théâtre) auditorium; ( de grotte) chamberfaire salle comble — [spectacle] to be packed; [acteur] to fill the house
en salle — [sport] indoor
2) ( spectateurs) audience; ( entrepôt) armory•Phrasal Verbs:* * *sal1. nf1) (grande pièce) room2) [hôpital] ward3) (= public) audienceToute la salle l'a applaudi. — The whole audience applauded him.
2. salles nfpl(salles de cinémas) cinemas Grande-Bretagne movie theaters USA American cinemas, American movie theatersdans les salles — in cinemas, in movie theaters
prochainement dans les salles — coming soon to cinemas, coming soon to movie theaters
les salles obscures — cinemas Grande-Bretagne movie theaters USA
* * *salle nf1 ( pièce) (de château, palais) hall; (de musée, bibliothèque, café) room; ( de restaurant) (dining) room; (de cinéma, théâtre) auditorium; ( de grotte) chamber; ( d'hôpital) ward; cinéma à cinq salles cinema with five screens; le film passe en salle 2 the film is on screen 2; prochainement dans vos salles Cin coming soon to a cinema near you; la salle était comble the place was packed; faire salle comble [spectacle] to be packed; [acteur] to fill the house; y a-t-il un médecin dans la salle? is there a doctor in the house?; ‘salle au sous-sol’ ( dans restaurant) ‘more seats downstairs’; en salle [sport] indoor; ‘prix en salle’ ( dans café) tariff for drinks served at the tables in a café;2 ( spectateurs) audience.salle d'armes ( pour exercice) drill hall GB, armory US; ( pour entrepôt) armory; salle d'arrêt(s) Mil guardroom; salle d'attente waiting room; salle d'audience Jur courtroom; salle audiovisuelle audiovisual room; salle de bains bathroom; salle de bal ballroom; salle de billard billiard room; salle blanche Ind clean room; salle capitulaire chapter room; salle de casino gaming room; salle de cinéma cinema GB, movie theater US; salle de classe classroom; salle de commandes control room; salle communale village hall; salle commune ( à l'hôpital) ward; salle de concert concert hall; salle de conférences ( petite pièce) lecture room; ( avec gradins) lecture theatreGB, auditorium; salle de congrès conference hall; salle de contrôle control room; salle des délibérations committee room; salle d'eau shower room; salle d'embarquement Aviat departure lounge; salle d'études Scol private study room GB, study hall US; salle d'exposition ( petite pièce) exhibition room; ( grande pièce) exhibition hall; Comm showroom; salle des fêtes ( de village) village hall; ( en ville) community centreGB; salle de garde ( d'hôpital) staff room; salle des gardes ( de château) guardroom; salle de gymnastique gymnasium; salle d'honneur Mil trophy room; salle informatique computer room; salle de jeu(x) ( de casino) gaming room; ( pour enfants) playroom; salle de lecture reading room; salle de loisirs recreation room; salle des machines Naut engine room; salle à manger ( pièce) dining room; ( mobilier) dining-room suite; salle des marchés Fin ( de banque) dealing room; ( de Bourse) floor; salle modulable multi-purpose room; salle de montage Cin cutting room; salle municipale town hall; salle omnisports sports hall; salle d'opération Méd operating theatre GB, operating room US; salle d'opérations Mil operations room; salle des pas perdus waiting hall; salle de police Mil guardroom; salle polyvalente multi-purpose hall; salle de presse press room; salle des professeurs staff room; salle de projection projection room; salle de quartier local cinema GB, local movie theater US; salle de réanimation intensive care ward; salle de rédaction Presse (newspaper) office; salle de régie Cin, Théât control room; salle de réunion meeting room; salle de réveil Méd recovery room; salle de séjour living room; salle de soins Méd treatment room; salle de spectacle Cin cinema GB, movie theater US; Théât theatreGB; salle de théâtre theatreGB; salle du trône throne room; salle des ventes auction room; salles obscures cinemas GB, movie theaters US.[sal] nom féminin1. [dans une habitation privée] rooma. [lieu] bathroomb. [mobilier] bathroom suiteb. [d'un casino] gaming rooma. [lieu] dining roomb. [mobilier] dining room suite[dans un café] roomsalle de concert concert hall, auditoriumb. [pour colloques] conference roomb. [au tribunal] waiting room ou hallsalle de rédaction [d'un journal] newsrooma. [dans un hôtel] function roomb. [dans un palais] stateroomsalle du trône stateroom, throne room[spectateurs] audiencesa dernière production sort en salle en septembre her latest production will be released ou out in September4. SPORT -
9 étude
étude [etyd]1. feminine nouna. ( = action) study• voyage/frais d'étude study trip/costsb. ( = ouvrage) studyd. ( = bureau) office ; ( = charge, clientèle) practice2. plural feminine noun• études secondaires/supérieures secondary/higher education* * *etyd1. nf1) (le fait d'étudier) ÉDUCATION study, studying, [proposition, projet] study, considerationêtre à l'étude [projet] — to be under consideration
2) MUSIQUE study3) (= ouvrage, rapport) study4) ÉDUCATION (= salle de travail) study room5) [notaire] (= bureau) office, (= charge) practice2. études nfplÉDUCATION studiesIl fait des études de droit. — He's studying law.
* * *A nf1 ( recherche) study; ( enquête) survey; étude de la CEE study by the EEC (sur of); étude portant sur study on; étude des or sur les pesticides study of pesticides; étude comparative/préliminaire comparative/preliminary study; étude réalisée par study carried out by; étude de V. Rossignol study by V. Rossignol; l'étude a porté sur mille personnes/deux régions the survey involved one thousand people/two regions;2 ( observation) study (de of); étude attentive du phénomène/de quatre cas close study of the phenomenon/of four cases;3 ( prise en considération) (mise à l')étude consideration; être/rester à l'étude to be/to be still under consideration;4 ( apprentissage) study; l'étude des langues étrangères the study of foreign languages;7 Art study; étude de mains study of hands;8 Scol ( salle) study room GB, study hall US; ( période) study period; j'ai deux heures d'étude I've got a two-hour study period.B études nfpl Scol, Univ studies; études bibliques/théoriques/de droit biblical/theoretical/law studies; faire des études to be a student; continuer/abandonner ses études to continue/abandon one's studies; elle a fait de brillantes études she was very successful in her studies; faire or poursuivre des études de médecine/au Canada to study medicine/in Canada; je n'ai pas fait d'études (supérieures) I didn't go to university ou college; études primaires/secondaires/supérieures primary/secondary/higher education ¢.étude de cas Sociol case study; étude épidémiologique Méd epidemiological study; étude de faisabilité Écon feasibility study; étude d'impact Écol environmental impact assessment; étude de marché Entr market research ¢; faire or réaliser une étude de marché to do market research (sur on); étude préparatoire Art cartoon.[etyd] nom féminin1. [apprentissage] study3. [travail préparatoire] studyce projet est à l'étude this project is under consideration ou being studied[période] study-time[locaux] office————————études nom féminin pluriela. [par choix] to give up studyingb. [par rébellion] to drop out -
10 salle d'études
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11 etüt
1. study, research. 2. preliminary study. 3. a study, treatise. 4. study hall, study period. - etmek /ı/ to make a study of, do research on, prepare a treatise on. -
12 приготовления уроков
1) General subject: study hall (в школе)2) American: study hall (в школе; и т.п.)Универсальный русско-английский словарь > приготовления уроков
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13 studovna
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14 зал для занятий
General subject: hall, study hall -
15 читальный зал
1) General subject: news-room, newsroom (с периодикой), reading room, reading-room, reference room (библиотеки), study hall2) Engineering: reading hall3) Construction: reading space4) Architecture: library -
16 ci|chy
Ⅰ adj. grad. 1. [głosy, dźwięk, muzyka] quiet, soft; [urządzenie] noiseless; [pukanie] gentle- cichy płacz soft crying- tylko cichy śmiech zdradzał jego obecność only a quiet laugh betrayed his presence- usłyszała za sobą ich cichy śmiech she heard their suppressed laughter behind her- pokój cichej nauki a private study room GB, a study hall US- po cichu quietly- czytać po cichu to read quietly a. to oneself2. przen. (spokojny) [dom, dzielnica, wieczór] quiet; [życie] quiet; [morze] calm 3. przen. (skromny) [osoba] quiet, gentle- cichy i potulny meek and mild- ciche, nieśmiałe dziecko a quiet, shy child- marzył o cichej starości gdzieś w górach he dreamt of a quiet retirement in the mountains somewhere4. przen. (pozbawiony rozgłosu) [uroczystość, ślub] quiet, low-key- cichy bohater an unsung hero- ciche bohaterstwo/poświęcenie quiet heroism/sacrificeⅡ adj. przen. (niejawny) [zmowa, układ] tacit, unspoken; [poplecznik] tacit; [transakcje, interesy] secret, under-the-counter; [adorator, wielbiciel] secret; [rozpacz] quiet- cichy wspólnik a sleeping partner GB, a silent partner US- byli w cichej zmowie they were in league with each other- miał ich cichą zgodę he had their tacit consent- w zespole wywiązało się ciche współzawodnictwo hidden rivalry developed within the group- mam cichą nadzieję, że… I’m secretly hoping that…- moim cichym życzeniem jest… my secret wish is…- po cichu on the quiet- handlował po cichu walutą he dealt in foreign currency on the black market■ cicha woda a deep one- ciche dni the period when husband and wife aren’t talking to each otherThe New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > ci|chy
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17 pok|ój1
m (G pokoju, G pl pokoi a. pokojów) (pomieszczenie) room- pokój bawialny przest. a drawing room- pokój stołowy a. jadalny a dining room- pokój sypialny a bedroom- pokój śniadaniowy a breakfast room- pokój dzienny a living a. day room- pokój gościnny a guest room, a spare room- pokój nauczycielski a staffroom- pokój do pracy a workroom; a den pot.- pokój biurowy/hotelowy an office/a hotel room- pokój sublokatorski a rented room; digs GB pot.- pokój frontowy/od podwórka a front/back room- pokój z balkonem a room with a balcony- pokój z widokiem (na morze) a room with a view (of the sea)- pokój jednoosobowy/dwuosobowy a single/double (room)- pokój umeblowany/nieumeblowany a furnished/an unfurnished room- pokój z kuchnią a one-roomed flat with a kitchen- pokój z łazienką a room with an en suite (bathroom)- pokój do wynajęcia a room to let- „pokoje do wynajęcia” ‘rooms to let’- „wolne pokoje (do wynajęcia)” ‘Rooms to let’, ‘Vacancies’- „wolnych pokoi brak” ‘No Vacancies’- szukam pokoju do wynajęcia I’m looking for lodgings- wynajmować pokój u kogoś to take lodgings with sb- chodzić po pokoju to walk round a room- wejść do pokoju to enter a room- zamknąć się w swoim pokoju to lock oneself in one’s roomThe New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > pok|ój1
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18 mütalaa
1. studying, reading carefully. 2. considering (something) carefully, thinking deeply about (something), pondering. 3. (one´s) considered opinion. - etmek /ı/ 1. to study, read carefully. 2. to consider carefully, think deeply about, ponder. - salonu obs. study hall. -
19 комната для самостоятельных занятий
General subject: study hallУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > комната для самостоятельных занятий
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20 часы, отведённые для самостоятельной работы учащихся
General subject: study hall (в расписании учебного заведения)Универсальный русско-английский словарь > часы, отведённые для самостоятельной работы учащихся
См. также в других словарях:
Study hall — or Study Period is a term for a class period during the school day when students are not scheduled for an academic class. Study periods often occur because of scheduling conflicts in the school timetable when there is a mismatch between available … Wikipedia
study hall — n [U] AmE a period of time during the school day when students must go to a room to study, instead of going to a lesson … Dictionary of contemporary English
study hall — study ,hall noun count AMERICAN a period during the school day when students study in silence without being taught … Usage of the words and phrases in modern English
study hall — ☆ study hall n. 1. any room in a school used for studying and doing homework 2. a class period reserved for study … English World dictionary
study hall — noun 1. a period of time during the school day that is set aside for study • Hypernyms: ↑time period, ↑period of time, ↑period • Part Holonyms: ↑school, ↑schooltime, ↑school day 2. a classroom reserved for study … Useful english dictionary
study hall — noun a) A class period, usually in boarding or high school, where students are afforded the time for independent study and homework assignments, as part of the curriculum or after hours, the last notably as a punishment called detention. He… … Wiktionary
study hall — UK / US noun [countable] Word forms study hall : singular study hall plural study halls American a period during the school day when students study quietly without being taught … English dictionary
study hall — stud′y hall n. 1) (in some schools) a room used solely or chiefly for studying 2) edu a period of time in a school day set aside for study and homework • Etymology: 1840–50 … From formal English to slang
study hall — noun Date: 1836 1. a room in a school set aside for study 2. a period in a student s day set aside for study and homework … New Collegiate Dictionary
study hall — 1. (in some schools) a room used solely or chiefly for studying. 2. a period of time in a school day, set aside for study and doing homework, usually under the supervision of a teacher and in a room designated for this purpose. [1840 50] * * * … Universalium
study hall — noun N. Amer. the period of time in a school curriculum designated for study and the preparation of homework … English new terms dictionary